内插螺旋立式上行管流场及传热性能的实验研究

通过粒子图像测速流场实验与传热实验相结合，研究了内插螺旋立式上行管的螺旋节距、丝径、中径比等结构参数在不同Re下对流场、阻力及传热性能的影响。结果表明，内插螺旋能够有效扰动和混合管内流体，使管内形成多个纵向旋涡的流体结构、增大管壁附近液体涡量，有利于强化传热。当Re相同时，管内平均流速v、Nu和综合换热性能PEC均随丝径增大而增大，随中径比减小而增大；随节距增大，3种参数均出现增大的趋势，节距大于20 mm后开始减小。管内流体的阻力f随丝径和节距增大而减小，随中径比增大而增大。综合比较，在较低Re时，节距p=20 mm、丝径e=1.6 mm、中径比D/d=0.75时综合传热效果最好。     

Hybrid self-inertia weight adaptive particle swarm optimisation with local search using C4.5 decision tree classifier for feature selection problems

ABSTRACT

Feature selection is an important task to improve the classifier’s accuracy and to decrease the problem size. A number of methodologies have been presented for feature selection problems using metaheuristic algorithms. In this paper, an improved self-adaptive inertia weight particle swarm optimisation with local search and combined with C4.5 classifiers for feature selection algorithm is proposed. In this proposed algorithm, the gradient base local search with its capacity of helping to explore the feature space and an improved self-adaptive inertia weight particle swarm optimisation with its ability to converge a best global solution in the search space. Experimental results have verified that the SIW-APSO-LS performed well compared with other state of art feature selection techniques on a suit of 16 standard data sets.     

Improvement of Stochastic Competitive Learning for Social Network

As an unsupervised learning method, stochastic competitive learning is commonly used for community detection in social network analysis. Compared with the traditional community detection algorithms, it has the advantage of realizing the timeseries community detection by simulating the community formation process. In order to improve the accuracy and solve the problem that several parameters in stochastic competitive learning need to be pre-set, the author improves the algorithms and realizes improved stochastic competitive learning by particle position initialization, parameter optimization and particle domination ability self-adaptive. The experiment result shows that each improved method improves the accuracy of the algorithm, and the F1 score of the improved algorithm is 9.07% higher than that of original algorithm.     

正弦波纹挡板式沉降器内流动特性

采用VOF模型对正弦波纹式入口挡板的重力非均相沉降器内流场进行数值模拟研究。对比了正弦波纹挡板与平挡板的平均流场分布情况，分析了沉降器的轴向流速均一程度（λ₁）随时间演化特性，探究了λ₁和面积加权平均湍流强度（I_a）在沉降器内空间分布特性；引入流场均稳指标USC，研究了冲击间距（L_b/D）对USC的影响。结果表明：正弦波纹挡板作为入口构件可以有效降低返混。在0.84＜L_b/D＜2.17范围内，正弦波纹板沉降器内流场的均一程度整体高于平面挡板；随着L_b/D减小，平挡板沉降器内流场的λ₁基本不变，但正弦波纹挡板沉降器内流场的λ₁降低，且对I_a的影响不明显。对比平挡板，正弦波纹挡板可以有效降低轴向速度的梯度，使返混区面积减小，流场稳定性提高。随着L_b/D增加，USC值呈现多峰值趋势，L_b/D=2.17时正弦波纹板沉降器的USC取得极大值为14.68，较平挡板提高了93.67%。     

Numerical simulation of lithium‐ion battery performance considering electrode microstructure

A spatially resolved three‐dimensional microscale model of a lithium‐ion battery half‐cell is developed and applied to periodic electrode microstructures made up of spherical particles following a bidisperse particle size distribution. The geometries of the periodic unit cells are derived from discrete element simulations using periodic boundary conditions. Three different particle arrangements, which consist of two layered structures and one mixed particle array, as well as three different compression rates, are considered. In the study, the cathode is assumed to consist of LiMn₂O₄ as active material. Layered particle arrangements comprising the particle fraction of the smaller particle size in the region close to the separator are found to be beneficial especially for high‐rate applications. According to the simulation results, the high‐rate capability is reduced upon compression of the electrode microstructures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved particle swarm optimisation for unit commitment in microgrids with battery energy storage systems considering battery degradation and uncertainties

Using electric storage systems (ESSs) is known as a viable strategy to mitigate the volatility and intermittency of renewable distributed generators (DGs) in microgrids (MGs). Among different electric storage technologies, battery energy storage (BES) is considered as the best option. In unit commitment (UC) module, the set of committed dispatchable DGs along with their power, power exported to/imported from macrogrid and status and power of ESS units are determined. In this paper, BES degradation is considered in UC formulation and an efficient particle swarm optimisation with quadratic transfer function is proposed for solving UC in BES‐integrated MGs, while the uncertainties of demand, renewable generation and market price are considered and dealt with robust optimisation. UC is formulated as a multi‐objective optimisation problem whose objectives are MG operation cost and BES degradation. The resultant multi‐objective optimisation problem is converted into a single‐objective optimisation problem and the effect of weight factors on MG operation cost and BES lifecycle are investigated. The results show that by consideration of BES degradation in objective function, BES lifecycle increases from 350 to 500 and the minimum depth of charge increases from 5.5% to 34%; however, MG operation cost increases from $8717 to $8910.2. The results also show that by consideration of uncertainties, MG's operation cost increases by 8.22%.     

工业园区混合能源优化配置方法应用与实践

为了充分挖掘多能源之间的互补潜力,使工业园区混合能源系统的配置方式由传统粗放式转变为精确优化配置并降低系统配置方案的保守性,基于粒子群联合CPLEX求解算法对工业园区的系统配置和运行调度方案进行分析优化,并以某生物园区为例进行了实例分析,得到了目标函数下的最优设计方案和运行策略。仿真分析结果表明,优化配置方法的应用能够协调冷热电多种能源的混合利用,提升系统的综合经济性。同时,为工业园区能源供应项目的规划、设计提供参考性支撑,丰富设计手段。     

基于限定PSO初始化空间的随机最大似然算法

针对随机最大似然算法（SML）在波达方位（DOA）估计中由于多维非线性优化导致计算复杂度大的问题，提出一种限定粒子群（PSO）算法搜索空间的SML算法。该算法克服了一个缺陷，即在采用ESPRIT算法限定PSO初始化空间时，在阵列结构是非均匀线性阵列而且信号是相干信号时ESPRIT算法不能直接处理信号，且需要采用一组预处理技术，这增加了算法计算的复杂度。提出的算法的关键之处在于采用假设技术确定初始化点来代替ESPRIT算法的解，结合克拉美罗界（CRB）确定PSO算法的初始化解空间。这一方法不必再采用预处理技术，且利用限定PSO初始化空间的算法大大降低了SML算法的计算复杂度。实验结果表明，提出的算法为相干情况和非相干情况都提供了相当好的初始值。最后，将该算法与许多现有算法进行比较，验证提出算法的有效性和准确性。     

镁钛复合处理对不锈钢凝固组织的影响及机制

摘要：TiN是铁素体不锈钢有效的异质形核剂，但钢中大尺寸的TiN颗粒会对不锈钢板材表面质量带来不利影响。为此，提出依靠镁钛复合处理来细化TiN颗粒及控制宏观晶粒的方法。通过良好气氛保护的电阻炉试验，研究了添加Mg和Ti元素对于铁素体不锈钢宏观铸态组织和TiN颗粒细化效果的影响规律，并对其细化机理进行了详细分析。经研究得知，向铁素体不锈钢中添加了微量Mg和Ti元素后试样宏观等轴晶比例由37%提高至50%，TiN颗粒平均尺寸由处理前的5μm细化至2μm。镁钛复合处理后，钢液中形成的MgO和MgAl2O4与TiN之间的晶格错配度很低，分别为1.14和5.29，均属于有效形核范围，可以成为TiN异质形核核心，促进在晶内均匀析出更多的TiN。同时基于TiN与铁素体相之间的良好的晶格匹配关系，其进一步促进了δ-Fe形核，从而有效细化了铁素体宏观组织，这将有利于提高铁素体不锈钢力学性能和表面质量。